实践环境

  • 系统环境：debian12
  • mongodb版本：6.0.12
  • 单台服务器多实例(实用环境可以分布部署到多台服务器)

基本安装

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## 二进制包下载
root@master-100:~# wget -c https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-debian11-6.0.12.tgz

## 解压移动
root@master-100:~# tar xf mongodb-linux-x86_64-debian11-6.0.12.tgz
root@master-100:~# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-debian11-6.0.12 /usr/local/mongo

## 删除其他文件，创建所需目录
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ls
bin  LICENSE-Community.txt  MPL-2  README  THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ls | grep -v bin | xargs rm -f
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ls
bin
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# mkdir data etc run log
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ls
bin  data  etc  log  run

## 确保环境变量可用
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/local/elastic/jdk/bin:/usr/local/node/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mongo/bin:/usr/local/redis/bin

## 查看版本，发现缺少运行依赖库
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ls bin
install_compass  mongod  mongos
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# mongod --version
mongod: error while loading shared libraries: libcurl.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

## 编译安装openssl-1.1.1w.tar.gz
---
### 下载
root@master-100:~# wget -c https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1w.tar.gz

### 解压并进入
tar xf openssl-1.1.1w.tar.gz && cd openssl-1.1.1w

### 依赖安装
root@master-100:~/openssl-1.1.1w# apt update && apt upgrade -y && apt install build-essential

### 编译并安装
root@master-100:~/openssl-1.1.1w# ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl && make -j$(nproc) && make install
root@master-100:~/openssl-1.1.1w#  ls /usr/local/openssl/
bin  include  lib  share  ssl

### 加载库配置
root@master-100:~# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/x86_64-linux-gnu.conf
# Multiarch support
/usr/local/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
/usr/local/openssl/lib
root@master-100:~# ldconfig
---

## 再次运行，缺少其他依赖库，安装后，再次运行正常
root@master-100:~# mongod --version
mongod: error while loading shared libraries: libcurl.so.4: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
root@master-100:~# apt install libcurl4
root@master-100:~# mongod --version
db version v6.0.12
Build Info: {
    "version": "6.0.12",
    "gitVersion": "21e6e8e11a45dfbdb7ca6cf95fa8c5f859e2b118",
    "openSSLVersion": "OpenSSL 1.1.1w  11 Sep 2023",
    "modules": [],
    "allocator": "tcmalloc",
    "environment": {
        "distmod": "debian11",
        "distarch": "x86_64",
        "target_arch": "x86_64"
    }
}

多实例配置

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## 创建三份数据目录
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# mkdir data/{27017,27018,27019}
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ls data
27017  27018  27019

## 创建配置文件
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# cat etc/27017.conf 
storage:
  dbPath: /usr/local/mongo/data/27017
  engine: wiredTiger
  wiredTiger:
    engineConfig:
      cacheSizeGB: 0.3
      directoryForIndexes: true
      journalCompressor: zstd
    collectionConfig:
      blockCompressor: zstd
    indexConfig:
      prefixCompression: true
  journal:
    enabled: true
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /usr/local/mongo/log/27017.log
net:
  port: 27017
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0
processManagement:
  timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /usr/local/mongo/run/27017.pid
replication: 
  replSetName: rs-mongodb

## 生成另外两份
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo/etc# cat 27017.conf | sed 's@27017@27018@g' > 27018.conf
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo/etc# cat 27017.conf | sed 's@27017@27019@g' > 27019.conf

## 启动脚本
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# vim /etc/init.d/mongod_27017
#!/bin/bash

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mongod_27017
# Required-Start: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Should-Start: $syslog $named
# Should-Stop: $syslog $named
# Short-Description: start and stop mongod_27017
# Description: mongod daemon
### END INIT INFO

SER_NAME=mongod_27017
EXEC=/usr/local/mongo/bin/mongod
PIDFILE=/usr/local/mongo/run/27017.pid
CONF=/usr/local/mongo/etc/27017.conf

case "$1" in
    start)
        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
            echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
        else
            echo "Starting $SER_NAME server..."
            $EXEC --config $CONF
        fi
        ;;
    stop)
        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
        then
            echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
        else
            PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
            echo "Stopping ..."
	    $EXEC --shutdown --config $CONF
            while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]
            do
                echo "Waiting for $SER_NAME to shutdown ..."
                sleep 1
            done
            echo "$SER_NAME stopped" && rm -f $PIDFILE
        fi
        ;;
    status)
        if [ -f ${PIDFILE} ]
        then
            PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
            echo "$SER_NAME is running, process is $PID"
        else
            echo "$SER_NAME is not running"
        fi
        ;;
    restart)
        $0 stop
        $0 start
        ;;
    reload)
        PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
    	/bin/kill -1 $PID	    
	;;
    *)
        echo "Please use start, stop, restart, reload or status as first argument"
        ;;
esac

## 其余两份
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# cat /etc/init.d/mongod_27017 | sed 's@27017@27018@g' > /etc/init.d/mongod_27018
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# cat /etc/init.d/mongod_27017 | sed 's@27017@27019@g' > /etc/init.d/mongod_27019

## 启动并检查
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mongod_2701*
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ls /etc/init.d/mongod_2701*
/etc/init.d/mongod_27017  /etc/init.d/mongod_27018  /etc/init.d/mongod_27019
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# systemctl daemon-reload
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# service mongod_27017 start
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# service mongod_27018 start
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# service mongod_27019 start
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# /etc/init.d/mongod_27017 status
mongod_27017 is running, process is 13431
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# /etc/init.d/mongod_27018 status
mongod_27018 is running, process is 13494
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# /etc/init.d/mongod_27019 status
mongod_27019 is running, process is 13557
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# netstat -lnpt |grep mongo
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27017           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13431/mongod        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27019           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13557/mongod        
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:27018           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13494/mongod        
root@master-100:/usr/local/mongo# ps -elf |grep mongo
5 S root       13431       1  1  80   0 - 687636 futex_ 14:06 ?       00:00:04 /usr/local/mongo/bin/mongod --config /usr/local/mongo/etc/27017.conf
5 S root       13494       1  1  80   0 - 687636 futex_ 14:06 ?       00:00:04 /usr/local/mongo/bin/mongod --config /usr/local/mongo/etc/27018.conf
5 S root       13557       1  2  80   0 - 687083 futex_ 14:06 ?       00:00:04 /usr/local/mongo/bin/mongod --config /usr/local/mongo/etc/27019.conf
0 S root       13670     625  0  80   0 -  1583 pipe_r 14:10 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mongo

# 安装命令客户端MongoDB Shell
root@master-100:~# wget -c https://downloads.mongodb.com/compass/mongodb-mongosh_2.1.1_amd64.deb
root@master-100:~# dpkg -i mongodb-mongosh_2.1.1_amd64.deb

副本集创建

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## 连接其中一个实例
root@master-100:~# mongosh --port 27017 或 root@master-100:~# mongosh mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017
Current Mongosh Log ID:	658a701121e3220f6524dba8
Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.1.1
Using MongoDB:		6.0.12
Using Mongosh:		2.1.1

## 初始化
test> rs.initiate(
...    {
...       _id: "rs-mongodb",
...       version: 1,
...       members: [
...          { _id: 0, host : "127.0.0.1:27017", priority: 1, votes: 1 },
...          { _id: 1, host : "127.0.0.1:27018", priority: 1, votes: 1 },
...          { _id: 2, host : "127.0.0.1:27019", priority: 1, votes: 1 }
...       ]
...    }
... )
{ ok: 1 }

## 查看集群信息
rs-mongodb [direct: primary] test> rs.status()
{
  set: 'rs-mongodb',
  date: ISODate('2023-12-26T06:28:42.783Z'),
  myState: 1,
  term: Long('1'),
  syncSourceHost: '',
  syncSourceId: -1,
  heartbeatIntervalMillis: Long('2000'),
......

## replication方式连接
root@master-100:~# mongosh "mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017,127.0.0.1:27018,127.0.0.1:27019?replicaSet=rs-mongodb&readPreference=secondaryPreferred"
Current Mongosh Log ID:	658a7604ad491f8e96942a6d
Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017,127.0.0.1:27018,127.0.0.1:27019/?replicaSet=rs-mongodb&readPreference=secondaryPreferred&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.1.1
Using MongoDB:		6.0.12
Using Mongosh:		2.1.1

For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/

------
   The server generated these startup warnings when booting
   2023-12-26T14:06:09.470+08:00: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
   2023-12-26T14:06:10.080+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
   2023-12-26T14:06:10.080+08:00: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended
   2023-12-26T14:06:10.080+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
   2023-12-26T14:06:10.081+08:00: Soft rlimits for open file descriptors too low
------

rs-mongodb [primary] test>

集群配置参数修改

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## 修改参数
rs-mongodb [direct: primary] test> cfg = rs.conf();
rs-mongodb [direct: primary] test> cfg.members[0].priority = 10;
10
rs-mongodb [direct: primary] test> rs.reconfig(cfg);
{
  ok: 1,
  '$clusterTime': {
    clusterTime: Timestamp({ t: 1703572553, i: 1 }),
    signature: {
      hash: Binary.createFromBase64('AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=', 0),
      keyId: Long('0')
    }
  },
  operationTime: Timestamp({ t: 1703572553, i: 1 })
}

## 查看配置
rs-mongodb [direct: primary] test> rs.conf();
{
  _id: 'rs-mongodb',
  version: 2,
  term: 1,
  members: [
    {
      _id: 0,
      host: '127.0.0.1:27017',
      arbiterOnly: false,
      buildIndexes: true,
      hidden: false,
      priority: 10,
      tags: {},
      secondaryDelaySecs: Long('0'),
      votes: 1
    },
......

主节点转移测试

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## 关闭主节点
root@master-100:~# /etc/init.d/mongod_27017 stop

## 发现27018实例自动成为primary主节点
root@master-100:~# mongosh --port 27018
Current Mongosh Log ID:	658a77ccd0fb1d6b075f4b9a
Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27018/?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+2.1.1
Using MongoDB:		6.0.12
Using Mongosh:		2.1.1

For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/

------
   The server generated these startup warnings when booting
   2023-12-26T14:06:15.060+08:00: Using the XFS filesystem is strongly recommended with the WiredTiger storage engine. See http://dochub.mongodb.org/core/prodnotes-filesystem
   2023-12-26T14:06:15.674+08:00: Access control is not enabled for the database. Read and write access to data and configuration is unrestricted
   2023-12-26T14:06:15.675+08:00: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended
   2023-12-26T14:06:15.675+08:00: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. We suggest setting it to 'never'
   2023-12-26T14:06:15.675+08:00: Soft rlimits for open file descriptors too low
------

rs-mongodb [direct: primary] test> 

## 恢复27017后，几秒内27017自动变为primary主节点